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1. The substances present in soil are divided into which four main groups?

• A) Rocks, Sand, Silt, Clay
• B) Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen
• C) Minerals, Organic substances, Gaseous substances, Water
• D) Humus, Protoplasm, Nutrients, Bacteria

2. Which soil type is characterized by its high water holding ability and sticky texture?

• A) Sandy soil
• B) Silt soil
• C) Clay soil
• D) Loamy soil

3. What is the significance of soil aeration for the ecosystem within the soil?

• A) It prevents water from evaporating too quickly
• B) It allows beneficial aerobic microorganisms to survive
• C) It increases the amount of humus in the topsoil
• D) It helps in the formation of hard parent rocks

4. How does the presence of toxic chemicals like Mercury from industrial waste impact soil's natural fertility?

• A) It increases the soil's pH to alkaline levels
• B) It kills beneficial microorganisms, reducing soil fertility
• C) It causes excessive siltation on the topsoil
• D) It converts organic matter into radioactive substances

5. Which type of soil is created by the combination of sand, silt, and clay?

• A) Peaty soil
• B) Loamy soil
• C) Chalky soil
• D) Sandy soil

6. What specific problem does chalky soil present for plant nutrition, besides drying out quickly?

• A) It has an excessively high organic content
• B) It is too acidic for most crops
• C) It prevents the transport of iron and magnesium to plants
• D) It causes water logging and root rot

7. Why is the Sub Soil (Horizon B) layer particularly rich in minerals?

• A) Because minerals are formed in this layer from parent rocks
• B) Because it contains the highest concentration of humus
• C) Because minerals from the topsoil are washed down into it by water
• D) Because it is the layer where biodegradation primarily occurs